Working principle of centrifugal pump

The working principle of centrifugal pump is: relying on the high-speed rotating impeller, the liquid obtains energy under the action of inertial centrifugal force to improve the pressure. Before the pump works, the pump body and inlet pipe must be filled with water to prevent cavitation. When the impeller rotates rapidly, the blade makes the water rotate quickly. The rotating water flies away from the impeller under the action of centrifugal force. After the water in the pump is thrown out, the central part of the impeller forms a vacuum area. Under the action of atmospheric pressure (or water pressure), the original water is pressed into the inlet pipe through the pipe network. In this way, continuous pumping can be realized. It is worth mentioning that: before the centrifugal pump starts, it must be filled with water in the pump shell before it can be started, otherwise it will cause the pump body to heat, vibrate, reduce the water output, cause damage to the pump (referred to as "cavitation") and cause equipment accidents! The so-called cavitation refers to: when the centrifugal pump is started, if there is air in the pump, because the density of air is very low, the centrifugal force generated after rotation is very small, so the low pressure formed in the center area of the impeller is not enough to suck the liquid whose liquid level is lower than the pump inlet into the pump and cannot transport the fluid.
There are many kinds of centrifugal pumps, and the common classification methods are as follows
1. According to impeller suction mode: single suction centrifugal pump, double suction centrifugal pump;
2. According to the number of impeller: single stage centrifugal pump, multi-stage centrifugal pump;
3. According to impeller structure: open impeller centrifugal pump, semi open impeller centrifugal pump, closed impeller centrifugal pump;
4. According to the working pressure: low pressure centrifugal pump, medium pressure centrifugal pump, high pressure centrifugal pump;
5. According to the pump shaft position: horizontal centrifugal pump, vertical centrifugal pump.

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